Texas Annexation Essay example - 965 Words

Narrative History of Texas Annexation, Secession, and Readmission to the Union Texans voted in favor of annexation to the United States in the first election following independence in 1836. However, throughout the Republic period (1836-1845) no treaty of annexation negotiated between the Republic and the United States was ratified by both nations. When all attempts to arrive at a formal annexation treaty failed, the United States Congress passed--after much debate and only a simple majority--a Joint Resolution for Annexing Texas to the United States. Under these terms, Texas would keep both its public lands and its public debt, it would have the power to divide into four additional states of convenient size in the future if it so†¦show more content†¦Sixteen years later, in January 1861, the Secession Convention met in Austin and adopted an Ordinance of Secession on February 1 and a Declaration of Causes on February 2. This proposal was approved by the voters, but even before Texas could become independent as provided for in the text of the Ordinance, it was accepted by the Provisional Government of the Confederate States of America as a state on March 1, 1861. The Secession Convention, reconvened on March 2, approved an ordinance accepting Confederate statehood on March 5. Texas delegates to the Provisional Confederate Government had already been elected, and they were among those who approved the proposed Confederate Constitution. Their action was confirmed by the Secession Convention on March 23. Throughout the Civil War period, Texas existed as a state in the Confederate States of America, its status confirmed by the elected representatives of the Texas citizens. (Sam Houston, although accepting the decision of the electorate to secede, protested the Conventions decision to join the Confederacy since the matter was not submitted to popular vote. His opposition was insufficient to cause either the voters or the members of the state legislature to put aside the actions of the Convention.) John H. Reagan, a Texan, was the Postmaster General of the C.S.A., and other Texans held prominent government posts throughoutShow MoreRelatedThe Annexation of Texas Essay580 Words   |  3 Pageswar as an opportunity to defend the annexation of Texas, establish the Rio Grande as its border, and to acquire the Mexican territories of California and New Mexico (Stevenson 2009). Annexation of the newly formed republic of Texas incited bitter debate on all sides. All of the slave states wanted to bring Texas into the Union, but a number of free-states were opposed because it would destroy the balance of power in Congress. Britain also denounced annexation because they wanted to stop AmericanRead MoreThe Annexation of Texas Caused Problems and Controversy in the United States626 Words   |  3 PagesWhy did the annexation of Texas cause political, military, economic, cultural, and moral controversy in the United States? Even before the Mexican-American War the United States is already doomed with sectional differences. Different people have different beliefs. As to who is siding with slavery and racial equality. This is such a strong point By needing to fulfill the United States’ Manifest Destiny as the latest justification for white settlers to take the land they coveted; This eventuallyRead MoreThe Mexican -american War And The Annexation Of The Republic Of Texas Essay1659 Words   |  7 Pages-American War and the Annexation of the Republic of Texas (1836-1845) Since the United States was founded as an independent nation from Great Britain, its people had confronted many economic, political, and social problems. The United States started to expand its territory in the western part of the country. Some examples are the Louisiana purchase from1803 and the Spanish Florida annexation. One of the most significant and controversial in the antebellum years was the Texas annexation which was a resultRead MoreEssay about Annexation Of Texas1066 Words   |  5 Pagesto be dragged out. Were those nine years unnecessary and could it have been done in a shorter period of time? 13 October 1834 was the first revolutionary meeting of the American citizens who’d settled in Mexico, in the area soon to be known as Texas. The people attempted a movement that soon was laid to rest by the Mexican Congress. Attempts at independence were silenced for the time being and the elections of 1835 proceeded forward. With Santa Anna moving to control Mexico, and taxes increasingRead More Reasons For the Annexation of Texas Essay2485 Words   |  10 Pagesthe Annexation of Texas The Annexation of Texas was one of the most debatable events in American history. The question at hand would deeply impact the United States for generations to come. There was on one side a long list of reasons for why to not allow annexation, but there was the same kind of list on the other side for reasons to push forward for annexation. Some of these reasons of both sides were slaves, war, manifest destiny, politics , and constitutional rights. Also the way Texas beganRead MoreThe Annexation Of Texas And The United States928 Words   |  4 PagesIan Harmon U.S. History Dr. Anderson Due: 11/21/14 The Annexation of Texas The 1800’s were a time of growth and expansion in the United States. However, during the century following the civil war not everyone shared the same views. Throughout the country, people had different thoughts on Texas, and what should be done with the new found territory. Whether it was people of the north looking to prevent another slave state from acquiring statehood, or slave owning people of the south trying to gainRead MoreSam Houston1033 Words   |  5 Pagesthe popular movie, Man on Fire, seems to be more than just a line from a fictional character, it rings some truth, just ask one of America s Early leading political figures who helped not only physically shape the united states with the addition of Texas, but also greatly influenced the political system through his business and politics. He is more than just a military training post or a large university, Sam Houston was a great war leader, political leader, and family man who lived by his own wordsRead MoreThe An nexation Of The United States1515 Words   |  7 PagesThe annexation of Texas was a path that many Texans wanted. Nearly ninety percent of Texans wanted to become part of the United States. â€Å"People hadn’t come to Texas to become part of the British Empire; most were particularly incensed by the British insistence on emancipation of the slaves; responding to public sentiment, the Texas Senate demanded that President Houston give them a full accounting of his dealings with Great Britain†. Before annexation, The Republic of Texas was a sovereign nationRead MoreThe Impact On America s Economy And Politics924 Words   |  4 Pagesarea decreased; thus, Texas, now an independent state, wanted to belong to America. The annexation of Texas into the nation caused the imbalance between the slave states and antislavery states. Slavery had always been a controversial issue that divided the United States into two different ideologies. According to Missouri Compromise- there was an established line that whichever states below the line were slave states and the states that above the line were free states, Texas would come in as a slaveRead More Westward Expansion Essay1520 Words   |  7 Pages By 1842, the currency system of the Republic of Texas was in such dire straits that even the government would not accept redbacks for payment of taxes. Other plans were attempted to get the republic fiscal house in order, but these plans achieved only slightly better results. However, as the economy in the United States improved and the Texas annexation movement gained momentum, currency in Texas slowly recovered some of its values before Texas was annexed in 1845(thewest@pbs.org). Slavery was

Shanice Johnson Week 3 Civil Liberties Essay - 1135 Words

Associate Level Material Civil Liberties and Rights Timeline and Synopsis Instructions Complete the following timeline with entries that demonstrate the development of civil liberties and rights over time. In part two, write a brief essay of at least 350 words which discusses specific social movements and how they relate to the development of civil liberties and rights. Part One: Civil Liberties and Rights Timeline Complete the second column with brief descriptions of key decisions on civil liberties. Include which amendment from the Bill of Rights was used to support the decision and why. In the third column, complete the timeline with entries describing the historical development of civil rights in the United States. Time†¦show more content†¦20th century The Fourteenth Amendment was not included with the ten amendments of the Bill of Rights, but the Fourteenth Amendment is the amendment that applied in this case. This amendment states that no U.S. citizen should be denied equal protection of laws, nor should any person be deprived of life, liberty or property without due process. Brown v. Board of Education ruled that racial segregation in public schools was unconstitutional and that students should be segregated. This decision was intended to allow an African-American student to attend a previously all-white school that was nearer to her home than the school she had been attending. 20th century The Fourteenth Amendment applied in this case as well. At this time, African-Americans were forced to sit at the rear of public transportation so that Caucasians could sit up near the front. 1956 Browder v. Gayle ruled that racial segregation on buses was illegal. 20th century Miranda Warnings reaffirmed the rights afforded by the Fifth and Sixth Amendments: all U.S. citizens have the right to remain silent so as not to incriminate themselves, as well as the right to due process in a court of law before a jury of their peers. 1966 Miranda v. Arizona ruled that anything said to police by a defendant could not be used against the defendant unless said defendant had been read the Miranda Warnings and had acknowledged that he or she understood and waived theseShow MoreRelatedJuvenile Crime Issues in Today’s Criminal Justice System18893 Words   |  76 Pagesinclude (1) a restructuring of the juvenile justice system in the face of growing concerns about violent juvenile crime and spreading youth gang warfare; (2) the increased bankruptcy of a war against N drugs whose promises seem increasingly hollow; (3) a growing recognition of America’s international role as both victim and purveyor of worldwide criminal activity; (4) the â€Å"war on terrorism,† including its substantial potential consequences for individual rights in America; and (5) the quickly unfolding

Coca-Cola HBC Positioned to Maintain a Sustainable Value

Question: Write an essay on Coca-Cola HBC. Answer: Coca-Cola HBC has been known for its fundamental strengths as well as strong sales that had been well positioned to maintain a sustainable value over the long-term. However, the organization calls itself sustainable because it has created shared value not for its shareholders, employees but also its consumers as well as customers that had been associated with the company. It was merely in last decade, when the company opted for corporate social responsibility that was incorporated in all aspects of business management. Dow Jones Sustainability and Europe Sustainability Indices have recognized their efforts in sustainability since 2009 (Coca-Cola Hellenic 2016). Moreover, a companys sustainability can be analyzed by different profitability ratios such as Return on Investments (ROI), Return on Equity (ROE), Payout Ratio, Return on Assets (ROA) and Gross Profit Margin from the Revenue. The table below is given from 2013 to 2015 for the company Coca Cola Hellenic. 2013 2014 2015 ROI 5.56% 6.76% 6.94% Gross margin 35.43% 35.56% 36.70% ROA 3.05% 4.17% 4.18% Payout Ratio 87.60% 54.70% 80.30% ROE 7.43% 10.26% 10.00% a) ROI The ROI positioning of the company has increased in the upcoming years this depicts that the company has shown an increased investments profitability that suggests that the efficiency of the use of funds have been showing an increasing trend as higher ROI is considered to be a better choice (Rezaee 2015). b) Gross Profit Margin The gross profit margin of sales from the revenue depicts the revenue to be increasing in the last three years. The revenue, which stands to be 6874 in 2013 followed by 6510 in 2014 and 6346 in 2015, shows a declining trend. However, resulting in less of Cost of Goods sold following the years, the gross profit margin has shown to be increasing. The drastic increment can be seen from the year 2014 2015 illustrating an upward trend. c) ROA The Return on Assets sole purpose is to generate assets that could be convertible into cash and simultaneously generate profits. Although, it is an indicator of net income but it has been showing an increasing sometimes can be red. Moreover, the ROA can be sometimes regarded as Return on Investment even because assets even generate sales. According to the graph, the ROA has been increasing gradually depicting to show an increasing trend (Nicolescu, Alpopi and Zaharia 2015). d) Payout Ratio The payout ratio depicts that the company has been emerging to a better dividend paid company in 2015 as it reviews that firm the sustainable position of the company has been fluctuating over years. Although, 2015 depicts to be a good years for Coca Cola Hellenic but has been facing bottlenecks when aligned with the economic cycle. The sustainable earnings or rather the cash flow position of the company depicts not to be stable over the extended periods but shows an increasing trend (Rezaee 2015). e) ROE Return on Equity is called as Return on Common Stockholders Equity. It illustrates the generation of income for the stockholders equity. However, as depicted, every stockholder gets 10% of the equity for every one dollar invested in 2015. Although, ROE shows a fluctuating trend but according to last year result, it has been showing a decreasing trend on shareholders equity (Lin, Chang and Dang 2015). 2. GRI Table to identify Ethical Issues GRI is the Global Reporting Initiative that has been undertaken to depict a wider perspective of the sustainability position of the organization. The GRI studies all the perspectives relating to organization, environmental, societal as well as economic issues that may impact the sustainable position of the organization based on the guidelines of maintaining a balance, comparability, accuracy, timeliness, clarity as well as reliability (Coca Cola Hellenic 2015). The GRI table given on each organization is different from one another such that they are based on firm size, location and reporting process that produces comparable results (Coca-Cola Hellenic 2014). Coca Cola Hellenic has varying level of expertise in the years of reporting a sustainable position. The ethical issues points out towards the business and society that has been growing complex in the fields such that the changes made for the high performance results in rapid decisions that lead to mistakes and negative impacts in various areas of the organization. Coca Hellenic has always been complex and changing like sustainability that has been focusing on issues enough to encourage innovation and transparency on the burning issues (Global Reporting Initative 2015). 1) The organization has been facing problems with the internal processes that are posing a threat to the corporate social responsibility of the organization. 2) The issues had been quite augmenting on the economic as well as environmental parameters while listening to the material aspects and managing the resilience of the business towards human capital skills and others. 3) On the other hand, corporate governance is another issue that needs to be formulated. 4) GRI guidelines mar k transparency with dialogues as one of the issue that Coca Cola Hellenic is not able to keep with as it is resulting in a multifaceted reasons (Global Reporting Initative 2015). Overall, the issue that needs to enhance in the stakeholder management is the principles of Materiality, Completeness and context of Sustainability. On precise terms, the real amount of sustainability needs to be achieved on better management, employment, investments, campaigning, purchasing, etc. a) Environmental Issues The environmental issue relates to the increase in carbon density that has been hampering the companys revenue. Although, the company in 2015 has been involving itself in endorsing reduction targets but this is the only proposed work rather the implementation needs to be started in due time (Coca-Cola Hellenic 2016). The energy activities has been lost die to the use of different machinery that has been depleting the energy resources around the factory areas. However, there is a need for investments. As far as the figures are concerned, the revenue and the less payout received is due to the profits have been implemented in the energy activities as well as recycling of waste generation. The other environmental issues that are highlighted are the water risks relating to issues in basins that seem to be stressing on the worsening conditions in the southern and the eastern regions in the climate changes taking place. On the other hand, packaging issue has been prominent as the waste from packaging is the non-renewable content that is damaging the atmosphere. Moreover, the recovery and recycling content has been facilitated (Idowu and Leal Filho 2014). b) Economic Issues The economic issues are not concentrated to economy but also to the holdup that has been there in business. The advantages over core business activities have been generating economic bottlenecks. The other concern highlights less measurable results have been gathered over delivering long-term partnerships. In addition, there is a continuous encouragement for the participation of the employees in communities. Coca-Cola Hellenic is trying to increase the local supplier base to the business activities that support investments projects and train the employees rigorously. The employment not has been reached to 600,000 people throughout the supply value chain in Europe (Coca-Cola Hellenic 2016). c) Social Issues There is a need to generate managerial roles as the company needs to establish the contingency reserve in the areas and develop the roles for women as well. The social issues accompany the resilience that there should be a world-class safety culture that needs to be undertaken to not only promote well being but also ethical nature which is inclusive of the fair workplace. On the other hand, human rights policy activated should be activated on the employees to create a follow up such that the employees are given equal opportunities with occupational health and safety while developing proper leadership and control and compliance with employment and labour laws (Coca-Cola Hellenic 2013). References Coca Cola Hellenic. (2015).Sustainability Report 2015. Available at: https://coca-colahellenic.com/media/2390/coca-cola-hbc_2015-integrated-annual-report.pdf [Accessed 2 Jun. 2016]. Coca-Cola Hellenic. (2013).Coca-Cola HBC 2013 Global Reporting Initiative Communication on Progress (GRI COP) Report 2013. Available at: https://coca-colahellenic.com/media/1181/cch-gri-cop-2013.pdf [Accessed 2 Jun. 2016]. Coca-Cola Hellenic. (2014).Its good to share Building trust, spreading happiness. Available at: https://coca-colahellenic.com/media/1202/annual-integrated-report_2014.pdf [Accessed 2 Jun. 2016]. Coca-Cola Hellenic. (2016).Coca-Cola HBC AG 2015 Integrated Annual Report Showcases Focus on Sustainable Growth. Available at: https://coca-colahellenic.com/media/2526/2015-iar-non-reg-march-2016.pdf [Accessed 2 Jun. 2016]. Financials Morningstar. (2016).Growth, Profitability, and Financial Ratios for Coca-Cola HBC AG (CCH) from Morningstar.com. Available at: https://financials.morningstar.com/ratios/r.html?t=CCHregion=gbrculture=en-US [Accessed 2 Jun. 2016]. Global Reporting Initatve. (2015).Sustainability Reporting Guidelines. Available at: https://www.globalreporting.org/resourcelibrary/GRIG4-Part1-Reporting-Principles-and-Standard-Disclosures.pdf [Accessed 2 Jun. 2016]. Idowu, S. and Leal Filho, W. (2014).Professionals' perspectives of corporate social responsibility. Heidelberg: Springer. Lin, C., Chang, R. and Dang, V. (2015). An Integrated Model to Explain How Corporate Social Responsibility Affects Corporate Financial Performance.Sustainability, 7(7), pp.8292-8311. Nicolescu, E., Alpopi, C. and Zaharia, C. (2015). Measuring Corporate Sustainability Performance.Sustainability, 7(1), pp.851-865. Rezaee, Z. (2015).Business sustainability. Sheffield: Greenleaf Publishing.

Women Circumcision an Example by

Women Circumcision Women circumcision commonly known female genital mutilation may be defined as causing injury on the genitals of a female by removing partially or fully the genitals mostly for cultural, religious or traditional reasons. Research indicate that although most females are circumcised without their consent, some out of their own volition prefer to undergo the process for sexual reasons. It is estimated that at least 2 million female circumcision procedures are carried out every year with more than 130 million females undergoing the procedure. This practice is very rampant in Africa especially in the western region. Other countries where the practice is prevalent include Mali, Ethiopia, Egypt and Sudan. Egypt has however put a law in place to prohibit the practice thus making it outlawed. Need essay sample on "Women Circumcision" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Female circumcision is also prevalent in the Middle East where it is practiced in secrecy unlike in Africa where it is conducted as an open ceremony. Female circumcision is practiced across the religious divide and is therefore not limited to one or specific religions only. The major belief especially in most African countries is that female circumcision ensures a woman has an honorable life with the husband and children. Advocates of female circumcision advance various arguments justifying the practice. Students Often Tell EssayLab support: Who wants to write paper for me? Our professionals advise: Writing Essay Papers Is Easier With Us Cheap Essay Help Custom Writing Pay Someone to do Your Assignment Pay For Essay Reviews They argue that a circumcised female is able to preserve her virginity until she gets married and that will therefore prevent immoral behavior thus curbing promiscuity among women. Promiscuity is said to reduce as the clitoris, which is the determining factor to sexual satisfaction is removed. It is also argued that a female who has undergone the procedure enhances her fertility and productivity as and that her matrimonial opportunities become higher. It is also argued that female circumcision ensures sexual satisfaction among the females and that their sexual performance is increased. Scientists and doctors are still very adamant about these social benefits brought forward stating that they are unreliable, as most of them have no scientific back up. In some communities the circumcision was done as a way of maintaining cleanliness and good health among women by removing the parts that produce secretions. N some West African countries, it is believed when a child is born, they poses b oth sexes and therefore circumcision during puberty is vital to make ones sex clear. The removal of the foreskin on a males penis makes a man fully male while the removal of the clitoris makes a woman fully female. Another major reason why female circumcision is done that some people believe that the clitoris is an unattractive and unhygienic organ that must be removed. Doctors in the past encouraged the practice as a way of curbing masturbation. The doctors also stated that cases of irritation, scratching and irritability at the genitals were reduced upon circumcision. These justifications were however ungrounded and have since declined. Though there is no scientific justification, it is claimed that that female circumcision is a cure to stress, hysteria, kleptomania and lack of sanity among women. In most African an communities where traditions and cultures still dictate peoples ways of living, female circumcision is used as way of test for preservation of virginity and is considered very vital for an honorable marriage. Female circumcision is regarded so highly such that a man who marries an uncircumcised woman is not only seen as an outcast, but is also banished and faces stigmatization from fellow men and the community at large. On the other hand, women who have undergone the procedure are accorded positions of power in the religion, political and cultural areas. However, human right activists and defenders of womens rights have firmly opposed the practice as it gives a general assumption that women cannot exercise self-control over their bodies thus the necessity to remove clitoris. It also limits the womens rights to enjoy the sexual activity with whomever they choose. Some communities even believe tat female circumcision enhances a womans looks making her look more beautiful and admirable. The argument is that since the foreskin in a male is removed for aeshetis reasons, so should the clitoris, which is considered the counterpart of penis. The males are also said to enjoy sexual activity if they engage themselves with circumcised women. However most of these arguments are unfounded, as they have no scientific or medical back and support. Female circumcision among the Muslims can be traced back during the life of Muhammad. It was only practiced by a small sect of Muslims, as majority believed that the practice was banned as it caused grievous bodily harm and damage to the bodies, minds and their general health. However the practice is considered religious among the sahih Muslims as it is supported by the hadith (349) where the prophet mention s that upon the meeting of the two circumcised parts then sex results. Muslim scholars however unanimously agree that circumcision is for men only. At one point it was stated by a Dean in Al-Azhar University that female circumcision is a crime and should not be associated with the Islamic religion. Religious leaders across the region have been at the forefront to oppose the practice as one that has no religious connection although some religious leaders prefer to handle it as more of a medical issue than religious. In the Jewish religion, female circumcision was completely outlawed and is in fact not given a mention in any text if religion. This was so because of the strong belief that a persons body does not belong them but is Gods and any modification done especially permanent amounts to destruction of Gods property. They however recognize male circumcision. In communities where female circumcision is practiced, it is mainly done between the ages 4 to 8 though it can even take place from infancy to puberty age. In some societies it is carried out during a womans first pregnancy. The most unfortunate thing I most cases is that those who carry out the circumcision procedure are non professionals with no medical back ground and therefore put the life of the woman at a very great risk. Banning the practice has greatly reduced the practice and especially to those who carry out the procedure without anesthetics which is very risky. It can result to shock because of the severe pain. This may then have long term effects like infertility. Other severe consequences of the procedure include infections of the urinary and the reproductive tracts. This results from blockage of urine and menstrual flow leading to infertility. Engaging in sex for the first time becomes severely painful as the labia majora has to be cut open to allow the male penetrate the vagina. The opening, which is done with a knife by, the husband who has no medical knowledge and background may lead to very serious complications. Research conducted back in 2006 by World Health Organization in some African countries including Sudan, Kenya, Burkina Faso, Senegal, Nigeria and Ghana highly discredit genital cutting of whichever kind terming it unsafe. It is also a fact that most women who have undergone the circumcision stand a risk of loosing their babies during delivery. Egypt in June 2007 outlawed and banned completely this practice when a 12-year-old girl died soon after going through the procedure. Studies indicate that what determines if a woman will achieve sexual satisfaction after going through the procedure is the state of mind at the time of the procedure. If she goes through the circumcision voluntarily she will still have sexual satisfaction but if she is forced and feels traumatized after the procedure orgasm frequency goes down. Although various laws have been put in place to stop this procedure many societies and cultural groups still engage in the practice. Recent studies indicate that women who have undergone the circumcision procedure always find it difficult to achieve optimum sexual satisfaction. Another major complication that a circumcised woman suffers is the loss of blood and in most cases the loss is usually excessive leading to other problems like anemia due to excessive blood loss. The worst complication if the situation goes out of hand is death, which apparently is usually the fate of most females who undergo the procedure. Female circumcision also creates a major avenue through which HIV can be transmitted. It is also interesting to note that this practice is quickly spreading in the west so that there female circumcision in the United States. This is as a result of migration where Africans settle in the US and continuer to practice their diversified cultures and traditions. The practice of female genital mutilation is considered as a way of violation of human rights as o it not only lowers a womans dignity but also reduces a womans self worth making her feel inferior and subordinate. It is viewed as a mens way of looking down on women. Many countries are quickly coming to the rescue and defense of their women and are quickly enacting laws to protect the rights of the women. A law that was recently passed states that it is a crime to carry out female genital mutilation on a female below the age of eighteen unless the procedure is of utmost necessity to protect the life of the female. The age is of importance because a female of eighteen years and above is considered legally capable of making sound decisions and if she goes through the procedure at that age it will only be through her consent as an adult. Violation of this law attracts a jail tem of not less than five years or a fine or both. However, an exception to this law again is if the practice is being carried out as a traditional or cultural rite. In the past, nobody seemed to take the issue of female genital mutilation seriously. Women suffered in silence, as there was nobody to listen to their grievances. This was specially so in Africa. However, governments of various countries and the international community at large have come out strongly in condemnation of the practice terming it outdated and barbaric. Despite protests by various humanitarian groups over the practice the female circumcision is still very prevalent in many countries allover the world. Objects used to carry out this procedure include kitchen knives, pieces of glass and old razor blades thereby posing a great danger to the womans health. In some case there is sewing up of the wound until only a small opening remains. This in itself is a very painful and traumatizing experience, which is unnecessarily subjected to women. Equally the continued practice of this barbaric procedure has raised the infant mortality rate. Statistics indi9cate that the number of children who have died below the age of five is very and at least 80% die from female circumcision related cases. Doctors have also given conformed reports that circu mcised women always have difficulties having birth in the normal way and in most cases have to result to caesarean which in most cases is normally unsuccessful and the woman just succumbs. Some communities, still holding to their culture and traditions have now stopped circumcising their women at home and they are instead taking them to medical professionals to carry out the procedure. However, World Health Organization together with other humanitarian organizations still believe that female circumcision is a torture of a kind to the woman despite of the fact that it is carried out by a professional and therefore are of the opinion that it should be abolished completely. In conclusion therefore, it is important to state clearly that female circumcision or female genital mutilation is a dangerous practice and that every measure ought to be taken to ensure that the practice is brought to an end and that this happens without further delay to ensure the safety of the female gender. Works Cited Arnfred Signe. Rethinking Sexualities In Africa. Nordic Africa Institute, 2004 Abusharaf Rogaia M. Female Circumcision. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2006 Duncan Bettina S, Ylva Hernlund. Female Circumcision in Africa, Lynne Rienner Publishers 2002 Egbo Benedicta. Gender, Literacy and Life Chances in Sub-Saharan. Multilingual Matters, 2000 Hernlund Ylva, Bettina Duncan S. Transcultural Bodies. Rutgers University Press, 2007 Lieu Judith. Neither Jew nor Greek. Continuum International Publishing Group, 2005 Nnaemeka Obioma. Female Circumcision and The Politics of Knowledge. Greenwood Publishing Group, 2005 Packer Corinne A. Using Human Rights To Change Traditions. Intersentia NV, 2004

Articles of the confederation dbq essays

Articles of the confederation dbq essays The American colonies were in desperate need of an effective form of government after the revolutionary war. The Articles of Confederation unfortunately were not the answer, because of their inability to establish a strong centralized government, enforce decisions made by Congress, and create a centralized military to protect the people. The Articles were adopted by the first continental congress in 1781, and created a loose form of government with independent states that mostly governed themselves. Many thought this was a good form of government for the newly formed states; however it failed to unify them into one and create a centralized government. The path they chose was to allow each state to govern and defend itself. This only managed to create confusion in the states, because each had its own laws and currency. The articles also failed to create a way for congress to enforce decisions they made as seen in document A. It required nine out of thirteen states to support a law before it was passed and even after it was passed it was up to the states to decide whether or not they chose to obey the law. The laws were simply considered recommendations that could be ignored if leaders felt like they were not important as seen in document A. Congress also could not tax the states without their approval. Many of the man in the army did not receive there compensation, because Congress could not tax states and so could not fund an army. They relied solely on donations for funds to raise an army and many states did not choose to donate as seen in document C. The newly formed country was left almost defenseless and vulnerable to attacks. The articles left the country without a government, defenseless and unable enforce decisions. Some may argue that the Articles were just what this young country needed. They feared a centralized government, because they had recently gotten free of a very traumatizing relationship with Br ...

Government Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Government - Essay Example Hence, balance of power is imperatively obligatory in order to let all the institutions exercise their abilities and powers according to the provisions of the prevailing constitution. But if an institution is delegated the extraordinary authority to do anything out of its own will for running its business, it may put the powers of other institutions of the state in grave jeopardy. Similarly, that institution may interfere and intermeddle in the matters of other departments, without their free consent, by reducing and confining the sphere of their action. On the contrary, diminution of the magnitude of authority related to the executive through check and balance and separation of power as well may confine and limit the power of the government in respect of taking necessary actions on urgent basis according to the political situation of the country. It is not only against the benefit of the nation at large, but also can delay the action supposed to be taken swiftly. Renowned political philosopher and ex- President of the USA James Madison, in his article under-analysis, throws light on the significance of the separation of power and the system of check and balance for the best interests of the country on the one hand, and for the welfare of the masses on the other. In addition, he argues how such restriction affects the business of governmental affairs because of the implementation of check and balance system. Madison looks for a strong and comprehensive system of check and balance for the adequate and proper working of all departments and organizations within a socio-political establishment. He is of the opinion that since political institutions consists of humans, not angels, which can commit mistakes and blunders while exercising their duties and obligations, and can take such measures that come under the definition of excesses. Thus,

A 'middle class, quasi scientific, technocratic or mangerial form of Essay

A 'middle class, quasi scientific, technocratic or mangerial form of collectivism very different from the ambiguites of social d - Essay Example Fabian society is popular for its achievement during nineteenth century proceeding into First World War. The movement formulated a stolid base for the Labour Party. It also subsequently influenced policies of nations rising from the decolonization of the British Empire, particularly India. Presently, the Fabian Society constitutes one of the communalist groups affiliated with the Labour Party and its presence can be felt and seen in nations such as Australia, Canada and New Zealand (Blackburn 2007). The Fabian Society, a London based movement, was formed in 1884 as a budding from The Fellowship of the New Life of 1883. The Fellowship Society’s main objective was to transform society through leading by example by demonstrating a simple lifestyle for others to emulate. However, because of varied thoughts, some affiliates of the society were focused on involving politics to assist in transformation process of the society. Consequently a decision was reached that a distinct societ y was to be founded. This was the rise of the Fabian Society. After its establishment, the Fabian Society campaigned for restitution of Western European Renaissance principles and their propagation globally. The Fabian Society was named after a Roman general, Fabius Maximus popularly known as â€Å"Cunctator† to connote â€Å"delayer.† According to theGuardian (2001), the Fabian Society preferred a gradual change approach to radical change. Fabius adopted the tactics of harassment and attrition as opposed to one-on-one combats against the Carthaginian army led by General Hannibal. The Fabian Society attained great heights of influence, especially through their publication of Fabian Essays of 1889, in which Webb and other Fabian authors made great contributions. The Fabians idea of social reforms and transformation were based on the concept of â€Å"permeation† of already established political systems or institutions. Their argument was that the infiltration of t he existing political organisations was the main way of achieving natural socialism. The Fabian Society was opposed to Marxist revolutionary approach to social change (social democracy). Renouncing the need to have aggressive and brutal class struggles, the Fabian Society affiliates embraced the idea of developing trade unions as well as other labour movements up to the time when Beatrice Potter, latter referred to as Beatrice Webb because of her union with Sidney Webb, became a member of the society. Webbs in 1900s assisted the group to establish Labour Representation Committee, from which the Labour Party was born. After its inauguration, the Fabian Society lured many famous figures into its socialist foundation. The central figures of the Fabian Society were Sidney Webb and Beatrice Webb among other key members. The two key pillars of the movement published numerous articles on property ownership under capitalism in industrial Britain. In the wake of 1900, majority of affiliates of the Fabian Society took part in the formation of the Labour Party and the establishment of its constitution, in which Sidney Webb extensively applied the principles in the initiating documents of the Fabian Society. As unbelievable as it may look, the Fabian Society started as a mere nine-member movement, who endorsed an executive committee of three members. A former chairman of British Fabian Society, Mrs. Cole, pointed out on the group’s success in instilling its socialist ideologies in the entire society and nurturing the schemes to flourish and change